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While they look similar, electric winches and electric hoists are made to do separate things. An electric winch is designed to pull a heavy load horizontally over a slightly inclined or level surface, and an electric hoist is designed to lift a load vertically over steeper inclines that are greater than 45 degrees. Both tools can make heavy lifting tasks easier. However, it’s important to ensure you’re choosing the right equipment for the job. Learn about the differences between an electric hoist and an electric winch:
What is an electric winch?
Electric winches are devices used to wind a cable or a rope in or out, so that the resulting tension pulls an object. The electric winch drum is powered manually or by air, electricity or hydraulics. Most electric winch drums are made of fabricated steel and are designed for a specific load capacity. A simple electric winch, such as a manual one, consists of a rope or cable wound around a drum or barrel. More complex industrial electric winches, like electric electric winches, are used to tow automobiles, boats or to help move pieces of heavy equipment.
Choosing the Right Electric winch
Electric winches are rated by the maximum load it can pull with only the bottom layer of rope on the drum. As the layers of wire rope increase, the line pull typically decreases by approximately 10 percent per layer. The size of electric winch you need for a job depends on many factors including: weight, mobility and surface level.
Here’s a quick easy formula to determine the minimum size of an electric winch you’ll need: multiply the gross weight of the heaviest object you plan to pull by 1.5. For example, if you plan to pull a 1,000-pound object, you’ll need an electric winch with a minimum of 1,500 pounds of line pull. It’s important to keep in mind that there numerous variables associated with electric winching, so it is best to consult with the manufacturer to verify the proper electric winch size for your intended application.
What is an electric hoist?
Lifting heavy objects, like an engine block or construction material may seem like a perfect job for an electric winch, but that’s not always the case. Instead, use an electric hoist for jobs that require you to lift or lower a load. Electric hoists are typically made with chain or wire rope, and can be operated manually or by powered motors. Powered electric hoists include all those that are driven by electric, hydraulic or pneumatic motors. Manual electric hoists include all those that are ratcheted, levered or hand cranked. Electric chain electric hoists are ideal for mechanics and machine shops because they can be plugged into any standard electrical outlet. Air chain electric hoists are recommended for lifting heavy materials in flammable, dusty or dirty environments.
Choosing the Right Electric hoist
There are numerous electric hoist types out there. These tools are rated by state of loading, duration of use and area of application. These factors determine the electric hoist duty cycle rating ranging from H2 (light duty) to H4 (industry standard). An H2 light duty electric hoist means that it will run for no more than 15 percent of the work period with a maximum of 75 starts/stops per hour. An electric hoist with a rating of H4 means that it is rated to run approaching 50 percent of the work period and can handle a maximum of 300 starts/stops per hour.
Most common problems with electric hoists arise when used beyond their intended duty cycle rating. Before using an electric hoist, consider the task, and match the duty cycle rating accordingly. If your electric hoist is undersized, it can cause premature damage. Also, another important factor to consider is the environment in which the electric hoist will be used because duty cycle ratings work within certain temperature ranges.
Electric winch vs. Electric hoist
One major distinguishing factor between an electric winch and an electric hoist is the breaking system. The majority of off-road electric winches are made with dynamic brakes in which the gear system is designed to automatically hold the load. Dynamic brakes use the gears in the electric winch for resistance making it unstable for suspended loads. For this reason, if you were to try to use an electric winch as an electric hoist, the load could slip or the gears could strip resulting in a very hazardous situation.
Electric hoists use mechanical braking systems that feature a physical brake which locks the suspended material so there is no line to bleed. Electric hoists also do not have a freespool mechanism. This makes electric hoists the safer option for lifting materials, since there is a reduced risk of the load slipping off. Electric hoists are also equipped with a load-limiting switch to prevent it from trying to lift more than its designed capacity.
Some electric winches are specially manufactured to double as an electric hoist. In order for an electric winch to be used as an electric hoist, it must have a locking brake and no freespool mechanism, or you must be able to remove or disable it. You should never use an electric winch as an electric hoist unless the manufacturer clearly states the electric winch is approved to use as an electric hoist.
Electric hoist and Electric winch Maintenance Tips
Due to the potential risk for injury, electric hoists and electric winches must be properly maintained. It’s important to follow your manufacturer’s maintenance instructions in addition to these general guidelines for safe operation.
- Inspect your electric winch before and after each use. If the wire rope has become damaged, frayed or kinked, it’s important to replace it right away.
- Keep the electric winch, wire rope and remote control clean. If necessary, unwind the electric winch completely, and use a clean rag to remove any dirt and debris.
- When using a vehicle-mounted electric winch, be sure to check and maintain your vehicle battery and its cables. Operating the electric winch for long periods of time puts extra strain on the battery.
- Ensure your electric hoist remains in proper working condition through regular maintenance. Conduct routine load testing to ensure you know just how much weight the electric hoist can handle.
- Regularly inspect your chain electric hoist and lubricate according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
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